This quiz works best with JavaScript enabled. Home > Agriculture > Genetics > Tree Improvement > Genetics Tree Improvement – Quiz 2 🏠 Homepage 📘 Download PDF Books 📕 Premium PDF Books Genetics Tree Improvement Quiz 2 (25 MCQs) Quiz Instructions Select an option to see the correct answer instantly. 1. The plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell mainly consists of which of the following? A) A phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in the layer. B) A protein bilayer with phospholipids embedded in the layers. C) A hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. D) A phospholipid layer and a protein layer. Show Answer Correct Answer: A) A phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in the layer. 2. Which occurrence represents an example of evolution? A) Exposure to radiation reduces the rate of mutation in leaf cells. B) A mutation in a liver cell causes a person to produce an enzyme that is less efficient. C) Cells in a zygote eventually change into bone cells or skin cells. D) Some antibiotics are almost useless, because pathogens have developed a resistance to these antibiotics. Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Some antibiotics are almost useless, because pathogens have developed a resistance to these antibiotics. 3. A ring of bark down to the sapwood is completely removed from the circumference of a tree. This serves to eliminate the phloem at the level of the ring. Which of the following is the most likely effect? A) An inability to obtain water from the soil. B) An inability to carry on photosynthesis. C) An inability to transport sugars to the plant. D) An inability to transport water to the plant. Show Answer Correct Answer: C) An inability to transport sugars to the plant. 4. Plant species X lives in a hot, dry environment. Slowly, over hundreds of years, the climate becomes wetter. Fungi attack species X and cause the population of species X to decrease. However, plant species X could survive if the plants A) Try to mutate quickly and synthesize new proteins. B) Are watered often and fertilized with extra nutrients. C) Can adapt to the new conditions by mating with the fungus. D) Have a few members of the population that are fungus-resistant. Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Have a few members of the population that are fungus-resistant. 5. When an organism reproduces asexually, it usually has A) Only one parent, and half as much DNA as the parent. B) Only one parent, and the same chromosome number as the parent. C) Two parents, and twice as much DNA as either parent. D) Two parents, and the same chromosome number as each parent. Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Only one parent, and the same chromosome number as the parent. 6. Natural selection is best described as A) Differences in survival rates as a result of different inherited characteristics. B) ) inheritance of characteristics acquired during the life of an organism. C) A change in an organism in response to a need of that organism. D) A process of nearly constant improvement that leads to an organism that is nearly perfect. Show Answer Correct Answer: A) Differences in survival rates as a result of different inherited characteristics. 7. Which of the following best describes osmosis? A) The movement of water molecules out of a cell, resulting in cell shrinkage. B) The movement of small, uncharged molecules across the lipid bilayer to a state of equilibrium. C) The movement of charged molecules and larger molecules into and out of the cell. D) The movement of water molecules across the selectively permeable plasma membrane. Show Answer Correct Answer: D) The movement of water molecules across the selectively permeable plasma membrane. 8. Most animals have internal or external skeletons for structure and support. Which of the following parts provide a similar function in plant cells? A) Cytoplasm. B) Chloroplast. C) Cell membranes. D) Cell walls. Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Cell walls. 9. There is evidence that supplying a cup of sugar to certain bacteria could power a 60 watt light bulb for more than 15 hours. Which of the following is the best method to affirm this idea? A) Researching the scientific literature. B) Conducting an experiment. C) Formulating a hypothesis. D) Trading observations. Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Conducting an experiment. 10. Fossils provide evidence that A) Most species of organisms that lived long ago are exactly the same today. B) Many species of organisms that lived long ago are now extinct. C) Life on Earth millions of years ago was more complex than life is today. D) The changes that will occur in species in the future are easy to predict. Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Many species of organisms that lived long ago are now extinct. 11. Which of the following does NOT restrict or decrease blood flow? A) Very cold temperatures. B) Taking vasodilators. C) Hardening of the arteries. D) Diabetes. Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Taking vasodilators. 12. Which of the following describes the process of the light-independent reaction in photosynthesis? A) The absorption and conversion of light energy to ATP and NADPH. B) The processing of glucose to make pyruvate or pyruvic acid and release ATP. C) The use of ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugars. D) The breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to release the energy stored in their molecular bonds. Show Answer Correct Answer: C) The use of ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugars. 13. Which of the following is the end product of translation? A) DNA. B) Polypeptides. C) RNA. D) Amino acids. Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Polypeptides. 14. Which of the following statements is correct in comparing and contrasting prokaryotes and eukaryotes? A) Eukaryotes are much larger than prokaryotes, but otherwise they share the same structure. B) Cytoplasm is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but in a slightly different form in each. C) Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are mainly multicellular. D) Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have distinct organelles, although prokaryotes have fewer of them. Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Cytoplasm is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but in a slightly different form in each. 15. Look at the following crosses of plants with green seeds (G) and plants with yellow seeds (g). Which does NOT follow Mendel's law of segregation? A) Two green-seed plants (Gg X Gg) produce some green-seed offspring plants. B) Two green-seed plants (Gg X Gg) produce some yellow-seed offspring plants. C) A green-seed plants (GG X gg) produce all green-seed plants. D) A green-seed plant and a yellow-seed plant (Gg X gg) produce all green-seed plants. Show Answer Correct Answer: D) A green-seed plant and a yellow-seed plant (Gg X gg) produce all green-seed plants. 16. Caffeine is a compound found in the seeds of many different plants, such as coffee beans, cola nuts, and cacao beans (the source of chocolate). The presence of this chemical in all three types of plants suggests that these plants A) Were cloned from a caffeine plant. B) Inherited identical mutations. C) Share a common ancestry. D) Were exposed to the same type of radiation in the past. Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Share a common ancestry. 17. A farmer wanted to rid his apple trees of a particular leaf-eating insect. He sprayed his trees with an insecticide that killed 98% of the insects. The survival of 2% of this population of insects is most likely due to A) Certain chemicals that stimulated overproduction. B) Variations that resulted from sexual reproduction. C) Their ability to produce food from the pesticide. D) Genes obtained from another species. Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Variations that resulted from sexual reproduction. 18. Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis? A) Mitosis allows for genetic variation, while meiosis results in generations of organisms with stable characteristics. B) Mitosis produces offspring more slowly, while meiosis has the advantage of producing offspring more quickly and easily. C) Mitosis produces cells that are almost identical genetically, while meiosis produces cells that differ genetically from each parent or from each other. D) Mitosis has two cell divisions, while meiosis has only me. Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Mitosis produces cells that are almost identical genetically, while meiosis produces cells that differ genetically from each parent or from each other. 19. The corn we eat today is larger and has more kernels than the corn people first grew thousands of years ago. Which process is most likely responsible for the changes that have occurred? A) Mitosis. B) Succession. C) Direct harvesting. D) Selective breeding. Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Selective breeding. 20. The instructions for the genetic traits of an organism are directly determined by the A) Numbers of A, T, C, and G units in a sugar molecule. B) Sequence of bases in DNA molecules. C) Length of a DNA molecule. D) Way the bases are paired in the two strands of a DNA molecule. Show Answer Correct Answer: B) Sequence of bases in DNA molecules. 21. Which of the following classifications includes all three of the others? (HINT remember the levels of taxonomy) A) Order. B) Family. C) Phylum. D) Genus. Show Answer Correct Answer: C) Phylum. 22. Farmers may someday clone their best milkproducing cow into a whole herd. What potential disadvantage might be important to consider in having such a large group of clones on one farm? A) Lack of variation may limit survival in the herd. B) The cows could be fertilized by only one type of bull. C) It may be difficult to tell the animals apart. D) The cows could be mated only with each other. Show Answer Correct Answer: A) Lack of variation may limit survival in the herd. 23. Which statement best describes how a new human trait develops and can be passed on to future generations? A) A mutation in a stomach cell results in the inability of a woman to produce a certain digestive enzyme. B) A mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy, causing the fetus to have a low birth weight. C) During meiosis, a new combination of DNA subunits is formed. D) During mitosis, DNA does not divide correctly and the cells die. Show Answer Correct Answer: C) During meiosis, a new combination of DNA subunits is formed. 24. Which molecules are needed to cut and copy segments of DNA? A) Antibodies. B) Reproductive hormones. C) Carbohydrates. D) Biological catalysts. Show Answer Correct Answer: D) Biological catalysts. 25. A tomato gene, known as the SIKLUH gene, has recently been discovered. The gene leads to the production of larger tomatoes. The gene affects fruit size by increasing cell layers and promoting extra cell divisions. In order to produce large fruit in other commercial plant species, scientists might A) ) insert the gene into other types of plants. B) Breed the tomatoes with other fruits such as apples. C) Stimulate the process of meiosis in the other plants. D) Clone the genes of other types of plants until they develop larger fruits. Show Answer Correct Answer: A) ) insert the gene into other types of plants. ← PreviousRelated QuizzesGenetics QuizzesAgriculture QuizzesGenetics Tree Improvement Quiz 1 🏠 Back to Homepage 📘 Download PDF Books 📕 Premium PDF Books